Cost Planning and Control in Construction

Cost Planning and Control in Construction The Cost Planning is a method of cost controlling the cost of a project within a pre-determined sum up to the tender stage. Cost Planning give advice to client how much will be project cost. As well, cost planning will advise when the expected expenses will most possible occur. Hence its important for get required project finance and for determining possible project profit. Therefore cost planning process essential to success of project. Methods of Estimating for Cost Planning There are some significant estimating methods uses in construction industry for Cost planning process. Those methods give preliminary estimate, hence Quantity Surveyor has to modify predetermine data considering the followings, such as , market conditions, Size, number of storeys, specification level, inclusions exclusions, service, site foundation conditions and other factors. Conference Estimating Method RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, These method uses for preparation of the initial price estimate give to the client. It is based on a cooperative view of a group of persons, and not quantify in any particular way. Financial methods RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, This method fixes a cost limit on the building design, according to the unit of accommodation or rental values. For example, Unit method   RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, The unit method is multiplies desire standard unit of accommodation by an approximate cost per unit. Not required specific drawings, specifications, only the concept of the project relevant to the required function. For example: Schools costs per pupil enplace Hospitals costs per bed enplace Car parks cost per car space Estimate = Standard units  of accommodation x Cost per unit Cube method   Design Stage This is the superseded method because of inherent disadvantages; this method needs some sketch drawings, historical cost data, and also  important estimator experience. It is based on association between building volume and unit cost. For example: Superficial area method RIBA Stage B Strategic Briefing and also can be used for Stage C This is presently most common use method, its use for early price estimating purposes. The area of each of the floors multiplied by the cost per square meter. Mostly important Storey heights, plan shape and methods for when choose on the rate need be used. For example: Story enclosure unit method This technique use weightings for the estimating the building elements Elemental Cost estimating Detail Design Stage (Production information Stage F) This can use to establish the approximate cost of a construction project. It analyzes, the cost of the project on an elemental basis using from other similar projects. Also provides cost advice during the design process. Detail drawings are required. For example: Approximate Cost estimating Approximate quantities present additional detailed approximate estimate. No particular rules of  measurement exist, Also significantly more information is required from the designer.. For example: Resource analysis (Pre Construction Stage Tender Documentation -G) This method is traditionally adopted by contractors estimators to determine their individual rates for measured items in bills of quantities. All individual measured items are analyzed into its element parts such as labour, materials and plant. This method is not a pre-tender method of price prediction strictly. For example: Explain the pre-contract cost planning and cost controlling process with respect to the RIBA plan of work a client/ consultant may adopt during each stage What Is Pre-contract Cost Planning? Pre Cost planning is very important to successful planning, design and construction of projects and is aimed at providing best value solutions. Essentially it is a pre-costing method of a project. As well as Pre-estimation of a design proposal will give clear picture about the cost to the employer and design team to make decisions regarding the project to make sure value for money. Pre-Contract Cost Planning Process The pre-contract cost planning process according to the RIBA plan of work 1998; it can be described as follows. Graph 2.1 Pre-stage A (Establish the budget) Client is the appointing client management team (Consultants) such as, client representative, cost consultant, according to his requirements. Identify objectives, physical scope of project, standard of quality of building and services, timeframe and establishing the budget. Emphasis nature of clients problems and functional requirements on proposed project. Work Stage A (Options Appraisal) Consultant has to identify of client prerequisite and possible limitation on development and cost of the ideal solution. Prepare technical, functional and cost studies by consultant and then it should enable to the client to take decision on his project weather he can continue the first proposal or could do some changes to the first proposal etc. also select the possible procurement method. Work Stage B (Strategic Brief) Consultant has to prepare initial cost suggestion to the client based on an outline statement of clients needs, also to determine target cost. This establish an initial budget for client Client has to investigate availability of finance for the project and value of money framework. Pre Contract Cost Control Generally Pre contract cost controlling process is implement from this stage according to the RIBA work plan mentioned chart 1.2, Pre Contract Cost Control process give to ensure the cost of the project is within the clients budget or not. Hence pre contract cost control is very essential in a project since it is planning, design finalizing and tendering and selecting a suitable contractor too. Outline Proposals- Stage C Consultant involves preparing outline proposal and estimate of cost as initial cost plan. Investigate the site conditions and preliminary sketches for requirement of cost plan by consultant. Evaluate strategic brief through consideration of time, cost, risk and environmental issues. Establish design management procedures and prepare initial cost plan, project program, and cash flow. Detailed Proposals Stage D At this stage, consultant prepares full detailed proposals for the client, and also prepares firm cost plan detailed elemental cost plan etc. Clint tem evaluate outline proposals for make final decision, Receive design and cost input from client appointed team and extend detailed design solution. Development control submission. Review procurement advice. Final Proposals Stage E Consultant has to prepared final proposal for the project at this stage. Carry out cost check of the design as it develop against the cost plan, hence it Confirmation of the cost limits for the project. Most cost effective in satisfying level of project brief to confirm or put final budget and to check the elemental cost targets. Cost checks design against cost plan. Decide on procurement methods. Consultant, they attending to review design and cost plan. Consultant has to prepare all required submission for legal approvals. Production Information Stage F All legal approvals should have completed when at this stage. This is the assessment of lowest acceptable tender price based on completed contract documents. Ensure that the completed designs are controlled within the cost limits. Prepare all co-ordinate production information including location. Arrange bring together all component drawings, schedules and specifications. Supply all required information for final cost checks of design against cost plan. Explain the term life cycle costing and related terminology. Definition of the life cycle costing According to definition of Hoar and Norman (1990) appropriately defined the life cycle cost of an advantage as the present value of total cost of the asset over its operating life including initial capital costs, occupational costs, operating costs and the cost or benefit of the eventual disposal of the asset at the end of its life. Hence life cycle costing related with the time stream of costs and benefits that flow throughout the life of the project. There are number of term use in industry to identify different stages in the life cycle costing techniques, hence flowing are the specially use in construction industry. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) Quantity surveyor assist to prepare this, based on collection and analysis of historic data on actual costs of occupying building (running cost and performance). Life cycle cost management (LCCM) Actually it is derived from life cycle cost analysis and identities, by this way client can be compare building cost and controlling occupancy cost throughout the life of building to get maximum value. Life cycle planning (LCCP) This is as part of life cycle cost management; it is constitute the prediction of total costs of a building, part or individual element taking account of initial capital costs, subsequent running cost and residual values. Life cycle costing Terminology Explain the Quantity Surveyors role as a cost manager, in the life cycle of the project. Role of the Quantity Surveyor as a Cost Manager Quantity surveyor is the person/ firm who manage the cost relating to the construction projects, such as new constructions, maintenance work and renovations. Quantity surveyor monitors the cost of every aspects of a construction project as a cost manager, as well as seeks to minimize the costs of the project and to make more cost savings while ensuring the total cost of project does not exceed the estimated cost. Furthermore when study about Quantity Surveyors in Cost manger position also have to be identified their duties and Responsibilities properly. He should conducting feasibility studies and writing procurement reports at project inception stage. He should manage estimating and cost planning process and presenting the final cost plan. He should manage the procurement process, and make certain that all phases with pre-qualification, enquiry, analysis, selection and contract preparation are carried out effectively. Ensuring that post-contract cost variances and change control tasks are directed effectively. Involving with cost checking and valuation works to manage them effectively. Preparation of monthly post-contract cost reports and presenting them to the client. Preparation of value engineering and life cycle costing, and also final accounts negotiated and agreed process. Give leadership role mange the client and other consultants, at all project phases. Working with top managers and directors, and identify and performing new opportunities to improve the cost management procedures.

Critical Incident – Preconceived Ideas

No names are used in this writing to maintain patient confidentiality and conform to the data protection act 1998Critical incidents originated in the United States, Colonel John C Flannagan was a psychologist who worked closely with the Air Force and their procedures for reporting evidence concerning effective or ineffective behaviour within different situations (Ghaye 2006:64-65). Tripp (1993: 24-25) claims that â€Å"critical incidents appear to be ‘typical’ rather than critical at first sight, but are rendered critical through analysis†.Critical incidents can be either positive or negative; They â€Å"are usually experiences that make you consider the events that have happened to try to give them some sort of meaning† (Hannigan, 2001). Using a critical incident as a way of reflecting helps individuals identify practice that has been helpful or unhelpful in a situation. The value of a critical incident can differ from person to person; it is usually a per sonal experience with meaning to an individual, however critical incidents can be useful for a range of people for example, students, lecturers, service users and the general public.They give an insight into the feelings of the person writing and are often relatable to others. In appendix 1 I have described my critical incident. Following this I will explain the importance of a critical incident and the effect on practice, in particular how it has influenced my practice as a student nurse. This experience has greatly influenced my training in a number of ways. As a student nurse I believe it is hard to avoid having a preconceived judgement of a patient.After receiving a brief description of the patient’s diagnosis from my mentor, I believed this patient would possibly be frail and sedentary, laid in bed with a poor quality of life. However what I was greeted with was the total opposite. This is affected by the patient’s own judgement of her illness, often receiving a p rognosis such as this prompts a dramatic change in the patient’s lifestyle. It can be argued that this is the hardest part in ‘accepting’ a diagnosis is the need to change. ‘In accessing readiness to change, we need to look at the individual’s state’ (Broome 1998:31).If a particular patient is not ready to adapt their lifestyle it can become difficult for them to come to terms with their diagnosis. Patients unable to come to terms with their diagnosis or patients finding their illness difficult after a period of time are likely to suffer from depression or anxiety (Reid, et al 2011). However upon visiting this patient it was clear to me that this patient was able to accept her diagnosis and had readily accepted the challenge to adapt her lifestyle. To me this seemed like a phenomenal act for her to achieve in such a short space of time following the diagnosis.Communication is a key aspect of any type of care, in particular terminal care as the patient in question is likely to feel scared and anxious about their prognosis. There are a number of different reasons for this;â€Å"Including diagnosis and treatment of their disease, long-term physiological alterations, fears of relapse and death, dependence on caregivers, survivor guilt and negative effects on families†. (Groenwald et al 1992: 580)Communication should be an equal conversation that allows both the nurse and patient to include what they need to say.For a nurse it is important to listen to a patient as developing a therapeutic relationship will often make the patient feel more open to discussion about their feelings and concerns. The therapeutic relationship facilitates the ability for a patient to achieve their desired state of maximum health (Brooker, and Waugh, 2007:236; Kozier, et al 2012:95-97) Patients should be able to â€Å"freely express their beliefs, values and concerns in a non-judgemental and supportive way† (Barker 2010:31).A therapeut ic relationship is essential in developing trust between a patient and nurse and is fundamental for care with service users such as my patient. A therapeutic relationship can be described as â€Å"one that allows for the meeting of nursing needs to the mutual satisfaction of a nurse and patient† (McQueen 2000:9). This should reduce anxiety and may allow the patient to feel more comfortable in addressing any concerns surrounding the prognosis. This incident has made me think about the barriers to communication and the effects they can have on other staff members, patients and their families. Understanding the potential problems allows us to better understand how something might be able to work more efficiently† (Ellis 2011:88). There are a number of barriers to communication for example; physical barriers such as a door being closed, perceptual barriers for example going into a conversation thinking that the person isn’t going to understand or be interested in wha t you are going to say. Emotions can also be barriers to communication as well as cultural, gender, interpersonal and intellectual (Kozier et al 2012:46).I believe my patient may have had emotional barriers to communication with the nurse and myself. She had already accepted her diagnosis and her decision not to converse with us about her condition may indicate that it was difficult for her to discuss it with others, despite being comfortable with it herself. The fact that the patient was comfortable with her illness made me think about the definition of health. My patient had said she felt healthy and therefore to her, despite having an illness, she didn’t consider herself as ‘unhealthy’.The World Health Organisation (WHO) describes the definition of health as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (WHO 1948; Kozier et al 2012:6) although this is the most commonly used definitio n for health, seeing this patient led me to review its significance. The patient I saw clearly didn’t view this definition to be the same as her meaning of health. Health differs for every individual, my patient felt well and therefore in her opinion she was healthy.It is understandable that she didn’t want to be continually reminded of her cancer, it was enough that her independence had been reduced due to the fact the nurses were coming into her home in the first place. My mentor and I decided to respect the patients wishes and allow her to come to us when she felt she would like to talk rather than forcing her to speak to us, we arranged to keep nurse interaction with this patient to a minimum so she could retain some ‘normality’ in her life. â€Å"Patients are made aware that they have the right to choose, accept or decline treatment and these decisions are respected and supported. (NICE Guidelines 2012) It was at this point I began to understand the value of concordance. McKinnon (2011:69) states â€Å"a partnership of equals on which care plan is negotiated†, concordance enables patients to not only make decisions about their care, but to work in parallel with the health care professionals towards a mutually agreed outcome. It could have been easy for my mentor to disregard the patient’s wishes and focus solely on her wound care and expect her to simply comply as the nurses are considered to be the experts, however her feelings were recognised and her autonomy wishes were responded to.My mentor displayed an excellent example of holistic care according to Linsley (2011:273), who states that nurses have to be aware of the social, environmental and psychological aspects of health and not just physical signs and symptoms of an illness. Before meeting this patient, I didn’t realise how daunting the experience of health care professionals can be, I had always wrongly presumed people would be happy to receive car e to make them feel better, however in this instance it has proved to me that not everyone has this view.It has enabled me to think about my role as a student nurse and it has made me reflect on so many different aspects of good nursing care, from communication and concordance to holistic care. Before my interaction with this patient, I didn’t understand just how important it was for patients to have their say. I couldn’t help but wonder if I had been the registered nurse in that situation, would I have been task orientated and wanted to get the job done rather than taking into consideration the patients wishes? As a first year student I am aware of my limitations and understand that I have a lot to learn.I thought about how I would feel if I was in the patient’s situation and of course I’d want to be involved in the decisions made concerning my care. The experience with this patient has enabled me to develop as a student nurse, and will inform my practic e throughout the whole of my career. Seeing first hand such a good example of concordance and holistic care from my mentor has given me a great platform to base my learning experiences on. References Barker, J (2010) Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Berman, A. Erb, G. Harvey, S. Kozier, B.Morgan-Samuel, H. and Snyder, S (2012) Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, process and practice. Harlow: Pearson. Broome, A. (1998) Managing Change. Hampshire: Macmillan Press Ltd. Ellis, P. (2010) Evidence-based practice In Nursing. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Ghaye, T. and Lillyman, S. (2006). Learning journals and Critical Incidents. 2nd ed. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Groenwald, S. Goodman, M. Hansen Frogge, M. and Henke Yarbro, C (eds. ) (1992) Comprehensive Cancer Nursing Review. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlet publishers Inc. Linsley, P. Kane, R. and Owen, S. eds) Nursing for Public Health: Promotion, Principles, and Practice, Oxford: University Press. McKinn on, J. (2011) ‘The nurse-patient relationship' in Linsley, P. Kane, R. and Owen, S. (eds) Nursing for Public Health: Promotion, Principles, and Practice, Oxford: University Press, pp. 64-74. McQueen A. (2000). Nurse-patient relationship and partnership in hospital care. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 9 (5): 723-731. Reid, A. Ercolano, E. Schwartz, P. and McCorkle, R (2011) ‘The Management of Anxiety and Knowledge of Serum CA-125 After an Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis. ‘Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing’ 15 (6), [online], Available from: http://web. ebscohost. com. proxy. library. lincoln. ac. uk/ehost/detail? sid=7e50352a-778c-4db4-be37-388bb618120d%40sessionmgr114&vid=1&hid=103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=c8h&AN=2011371794 [Accessed: 26th February 2013]. Tripp, D. (1993) Critical Incidents in Teaching, Developing Professional Judgement. Routledge: London. NICE Guidelines (2012) Supporting patient choice [online] National Health Service online. Availab le from http://www. nice. org. k/guidance/qualitystandards/patientexperience/SupportingPatientChoice. jsp [accessed 3rd February 2013]. Nursing Times (2004) Reflective thinking: turning a critical incident into a topic for research [online] London, Nursing Times online. Available from: http://www. nursingtimes. net/reflective-thinking-turning-a-critical-incident-into-a-topic-for-research/200145. article [Accessed 3rd february 2013]. World Health Organisation (1948) World Health Organisation Definition of Health [online] New York, World Health Organisation Online. Available from: http://www. ho. int/about/definition/en/print. html [Accessed 1st March 2013]. Bibliography Barker, J (2010) Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses. London. Sage Publications Ltd. Barrat, D, Wilson B, and Woollands, A (2012) Care planning A guide for nurses. Second edition. Harlow. Pearson Education Ltd. Benner, P. (1984) From Novice to Expert, Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Menlo Park Addiso n Wesley. Berman, A. Erb, G. Harvey, S. Kozier, B. Morgan-Samuel, H. and Snyder, S (2012) Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, process and practice. Harlow: Pearson.Brooker, C. and Waugh, A. (eds. ) (2007) Nursing Practice: Fundamentals of Holistic Care. Philadelphia: Elsevier. Broome, A. (1998) Managing Change. Hampshire: Macmillan Press Ltd. Ellis, P. (2010) Evidence-based practice In Nursing. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Ghaye, T and Lillyman, S. (2006). Learning journals and Critical Incidents. 2nd ed. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Groenwald, S. Goodman, M. Hansen Frogge, M. and Henke Yarbro, C (eds. ) (1992) Comprehensive Cancer Nursing Review. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlet publishers Inc. McQueen A. (2000).Nurse-patient relationship and partnership in hospital care. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 9 (5): 723-731. Tripp, D. (1993) Critical Incidents in Teaching, Developing Professional Judgement. Routledge London. (Appendix 1) During placement I have managed to gain experience with t erminal cancer patients. When you go into a patient’s house, I feel you can’t help but have a preconceived idea of the type of patient you are about to meet. I was surprised when visiting one patient, as I was told before I entered the home that the patient had terminal epithelial ovarian cancer. This type of ovarian cancer arises from a malignant transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium, how this transformation occurs is unknown. † (Groenwald et al, 1992: 466-467) When I met this patient I was unsure of what I would discover. I expected a woman that was going to appear physically ‘ill’ and I imagined her to be like all the other patients I had seen with terminal cancer. To my surprise we found her sitting in her conservatory reading the newspaper looking well, she was dressed appropriately and had her hair and makeup done.The patient seemed genuinely happy and didn’t meet any of the previous preconceptions I had when I was originally told about her. We were there to change a fluid bag from the patient’s abdomen and support the patient if she had any concerns about her illness. This is the only thing the nurses do for this patient, her partner, with some help from the Macmillan emergency care team complete the rest of her care. This patient had a persistent disease that couldn’t be controlled. She had previously been treated with chemotherapy to try and eliminate the cancer however this had been unsuccessful.The patient had then decided along with the healthcare professionals, to withdraw treatment and only accept pain relief and support. â€Å"The staging of ovarian cancer is based on surgical evaluation and forms the basis of subsequent therapy†. (Groenwald et al, 1992: 466-467) The district nurse has only just become involved in her care, currently she is 5 months into her diagnosis. When the nurse and I tried to speak to the patient about her illness and how she was feeling, she seemed re luctant to talk about it. The patient decided she felt well in herself and didn’t want to be reminded of her illness, she went on to explain that she had already

Personal Narrative My Personal Experience - 1121 Words

My personal experience Put the gun down! Put the gun down! Pow Pow Pow. The gun shots cracked into the air as loud as thunder. One after another. We live day by day not knowing our end. In the blink of an eye our lives can be changed forever. Its life, yet even in knowing this we never expect tragedy to find us. We never expect it to affect our lives and the people we know and love. I’m going to share with you the day tragedy found my life. I was a junior at Panther Creek High School in Cary, NC. Which was ranked one of the top 5 safest cities in the country. Serious crime was not a factor there, it almost never happened. February 11th, 2011 changed that. It was a Friday that started like any other, I woke up got ready and drove to school.†¦show more content†¦There had to be hundred or more bystanders watching waiting to see what was going to happen hoping no one would be hurt. Two hours had passed by of complete chaos when finally, we heard the police officers yell put the gun down! Put the gun down! Two people came out the front door of the bank. I couldn’t believe what I was seeing it was our friend Devon I recognized his red â€Å"NC STATE† sweatshirt he wore it all the time. He had a woman in front of him kind of like a shield and was holding a gun to her head. The police kept yelling to put the gun down and he didn’t he kept walking down the side walk in front of the bank it felt like hours passed but it was only about a minute that passed when the gun shots started. They hit him one after another watching my friend who I knew for over 4 years who was kind, gentle and so full of life become so lifeless in a matter of seconds was an image that will forever be burned in my mind. Everyone around me was relieved it was over to them he committed a crime he was the bad guy but to me this was nothing but tragedy I didn’t understa nd not at all. What happened? Why did this happen? Why did he do this? A few hours later the scene was cleared almost like nothing happened the only thing left was the stain of his blood left on the sidewalk and many questions about why this happened and everyone was searching for the answers. He was a straight AShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Personal Experience1497 Words   |  6 Pageswas Monday, June 5th, 2017. I had just come back from an invitational hockey camp in Canada and I was up bright and early that morning so that I could go to Westridge and take my last two finals of the year. By the time I had gotten in the car, it was 7:20 in the morning, and I was ready to take my finals. While in the car, my mom was listening to KBS radio station. I wasn’t completely listening, but from what I could hear, the station was talking about a single engine plane crash in the Santa RosaRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Personal Experience1120 Words   |  5 PagesIt all started on an unseasonably hot September day. However, extended Indian su mmers were completely normal for Vacaville. A new person was going to meet me, which caused my social anxiety to gradually escalate. Who was this dimwit to begin with? Mom made it clear that the person I was meeting wasn’t the school counselor, or anyone that was already employed at the school. In fact, Mom assured me, she was from the school district. A school district employee? Make sure to filter that you absolutelyRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Personal Experience2327 Words   |  10 Pagesone of the first sunny days in a long time, probably since November. I was wearing my â€Å"Wellesley College† worn out, navy blue hoodie, black Nike’s, and black yoga pants. After my modern world history class, I did not really feel the â€Å"inspiration† to go to the library and study, so I met up with about ten friends at the lockers next to the student center to eat junk food, â€Å"do homework,† and listen to music. I plopped my purple, patterned back pack down on the rough carpet. The backpack landed with a thudRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Personal Experience : Learning Experience1143 Words   |  5 PagesThis summer was a great learning experience. It was a time filled with new experiences both professionally and socially. I have never worked in a professional office before and this was a good introduction to work life. Although I had to adjust to sitting still for up to eight hours a day, I enjoyed interacting with my co-workers and having a place to focus and work every day. Additionally, before my internship I hadn’t been exposed to many of the tribes in southern Arizona. Through SWEHSC I traveledRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Personal Experience In High School792 Words   |  4 Pagesof 2015, I was a sophomore in high school who was unmotivated to succeed. Most of my academic career I coasted by with sparse bursts of effort that were sufficient enough to sustain my passing GPA. I cared about little other than getting home everyday to ignore my homework and play videogames for hours on end. At that time I weighed the most I ever have in my life, eating unhealthy paired with a lethargic lifestyle. My math teacher at the time was Mr. Stern, a 6-foot tall, 260 pound Jewish man, whoRead MorePersonal Narrative : My American Experience1750 Words   |  7 PagesGerson Vasconcelos Dr. Daniel Glenn American Experience April 9, 2015 My American Experience Studying in a foreign country is an interesting experience of an individual lifetime. One tends to learn a number of things relating to ways of life in a foreign land. Social, political and economic values and aspects are usually different from one region to another. Therefore, through studying abroad one is able to learn different issues about another society such as gender and sexuality issues, socialRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Leadership Experience1556 Words   |  7 PagesReminiscing on my childhood, I recall many fond memories, but playing with Dominoes on the kitchen table stands out more prominently than the others. Contrary to their intended use, I did not actually play the real Dominoes game; instead, like most other children, I stacked them into lines. Tediously I balanced each porcelain rectangle upright, cautiously winding them around the perimeter of the round wooden platform until finally I could set the last one into place and complete the circle. IRead MoreP ersonal Narrative : My American Experience1101 Words   |  5 Pages My American Experience Growing up in Ghana, I had heard a lot of things about the U.S. This was a country I had always wanted to visit; my prayer was answered when I got the opportunity to travel there. Arriving in a new environment came with many experiences. Adjusting with food, language and the weather was not easy. With the passage of time, however I have been able to0 adjust and fit it. This write-up therefore is to elaborate on my experiences since coming to U.S. I had many interesting experiencesRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Virtual Parenting Experience1580 Words   |  7 Pages My Virtual Parenting Experience Life is always a surprise and things usually happen unexpectedly. Life is a mystery and it’s funny how when we are in our childhood years we want to be teenagers and when we are teenagers we can’t wait for that day that we turn 18 and actually become an â€Å"adult† and then a couple of years we go crazy waiting for our big 21. As a young child or a teenager we imagine our adult life to be like in the movies, where it is easy to find a job, money comes and go and everythingRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Experience Within Classrooms Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesFieldwork Summary Paper Miele 1 My Experience Within Classrooms As I graduated into Concordia College I was already positive that education was going to be the major I was going to study and pursue a career in. With the motivation of my aunt, whom is a teacher, I always looked up to her. The only aspect I wasn’t sure of was what grade I would want to teach. I have always loved kids, which is why I have always been predicting I would teach within early-childhood grades. Within this course I

Ideologies And Developments Of World Wars - 1694 Words

Ideologies and Developments Leading to World Wars The world has suffered many changes since the beginning of civilization. Many of these changes have turned humanity into a modern society; however, they have impacted in a negative way such as the conflict between nations over power and territories that eventually lead to atrocious events like world wars. Certainly, it took a while before the world began to be more open to new idelogies. By the seventeeth and eighteenth centuries many movements along with political ideologies began to take place. One of the movements included Romanticism which stolled artistic skills whether it was through literature and painting, so during this time, many writers and painters such as Caspar David Friedrich or Johann Wolfgang von Goethe begain to gain recognition thanks to their works. So all was improving the world somehow since artists could show their talent and people could be able to appreciate it; however, not everything was going to be in harmony. In the late 1700’s and during the 18 00’s different political ideologies would begin to arise and gain more power, something that would cause many significan changes in societies, countries and continents. One of the political ideologies from the 1700’s was conservatism. Although conservatives know that societies and humanities would change from time to time, they oppose most of the drastic changes that are intended to be made, they respect the existing insititutions and are not openShow MoreRelated The Purpose of Theatre during the 20th Century1722 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 20th century, in which where it had transformed the whole ideology of what theatre was truly represented. One purpose of theatre during the 20th century was to emphasize realism. Realism had initially begun as an experiment to make theatre more impactful to society. It was a reaction against the 19th century’s ideology of theatre, melodrama. It had soon become a well-known innovation in mainstream theatre. Due to its common ideology, it had also caused adventurous innovations to aspire as wellRead MoreMao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev1540 Words   |  6 Pagesfought the Sino-Japanese war (1937-45) against Japan (Kuo 64). At that time the Communist Party of China (CCP) was led by Mao Zedong. During the same time, the Communist Party of China (CCP) was also fighting the Chinese Civil War (Lynch 7). The second fight was against the nationalist Kuomintang (Marks 10). The Nationalist Kuomintang was led by Chiang kai Shek. The overlapping wars persuaded Mao to ignore the advices and directions by Stalin. During the Second World War (1939-1945) Mao followedRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Old World And The New World1299 Words   |  6 Pagesover power in colonialism is especially true in the interactions between the Old World and the New World, when the Western European nations began to colonize the newly discovered Americas. However, the development of colonialism has become less noticeable over time, as the method of colonization continues to change and humans become more and more intelligent. Throughout the history of the New World, the development of colonialism becomes increasingly subtle because of the changing methodologies forRead MoreTo What Extent Was the Cold War Inevitable? Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesExtent Was the Cold War Inevitable? With the end of World War II (WWII) in 1945 began the Cold War, an international conflict that lasted from 1947–1991 and plagued nations across the globe. As the post-war negotiations were deliberated by three of the strongest world powers, the United States (US), Britain, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), disagreements arose that created tension between the US and the USSR and ultimately instigated the infamous â€Å"Fifty Years War† (Crockatt 64).Read MoreTaking a Look at the Cold War1243 Words   |  5 PagesCold war The cold war began in 1945 and last till 1990.It involved many nation but the two main opponents were the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The cold war was a conventional power struggle between the two greatest military powers of the age . However; the Cold War was a struggle for world influence between two ways of life. The conflict in ideologies between capitalism and communism resulted in one of the greatest conflicts of the twentieth century ². The ideology thatRead MoreTo What Extent was the Cold war Caused by Ideological Differences?1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, a period of sustained political and military tension between the USA and the USSR, resulted in various viewpoints concerning the cause of the tension emerging. Until today the question remains unresolved, even after the 1991 release of Soviet archives. The main point of disagreement relates to the roles that ideology played in the events between 1945 and 1949. Was it the strongly o pposing ideologies, capitalism and communism, or power and material interest that drove both superpowersRead MoreModernization Theory Of The Post War Years1324 Words   |  6 PagesStates’ optimistic sentiment with regards to development following the Second World War. The United States found themselves in a unique position where they had shown their military and technological prowess, were the only victor whose infrastructure had not been damaged by the war and saw themselves as the technological leader of the world and a model to be emulated. Along with growing fears about Cold War tensions and the threat of communism, the domestic post-war environment contributed to the emergenceRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1173 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, as the alliance between America and the USSR dissolved after the second World War, the relationship between both superpowers began to fluctuate as they competed to spread their varying ideologies. This unique time period became known as the Cold War, a conflict unique as it was not fought with normal methods of warfare. In fact, it was not fought with weapons at all. To fully understand this unconventional war, it is important to understand the background to the hostile relationship betweenRead MoreThe United States And The American Spanish War884 Words   |  4 Pagesmanifest destiny since the mid-19th century and with the search for new economic advantages and motivation to become a power in a European dominated world came imperialism. America focused on broaden its economic horizons in search for resources, markets, geologically strategic locations, exercising the Monroe Doctrine, and spreading western ideologies. China became a large focus of this as their market was profitable and unsaturated. So, America began to search for means of bridging to Asia acrossRead MoreThe Impact of the Cold War on Developing Nations Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Third world countries became the perfect battleground for cold war proxy battles during the early 1940’s to late 1990’s. United States wanted to flex its political muscle and try to curtail the spread of Soviet Communism in the developing nations. Most of the nations in developed world had already made their political and socio-economic stand regarding the form of governance and leadership pursued. Underdeveloped nations in Asia, Latin America and Africa were still vulnerable and easily